UNIT 16 TASK 1
UNIT 16 TASK 1
What is editing?
Parallel Editing
Parallel editing is the technique in which you show multiple scenes that usually occur all together but in different locations. This use is really effective as it does not exactly show a story playing out the comparison of two events gives further meaning to the actions shown. The comparison is reinforced by keeping consistency in the shot lengths and distances between the two narratives.
One example that you see on the top of
the page of parallel editing is in The Godfather when a someone be is crosscut
with a series of murders. The effect is that these are occurring at the same
time. This is a juxtaposition as it shows the baptism of man’s nephew and but
he has also ordered a series of murders which proves him to be sinful.
Parallel editing was invented by Edwin S.
Porter in his movie The Great Train Robbery which was made in 1903. In this
early picture, cross cutting is used to show what occurs in two different
places but not much else. Porter didn’t
use the technique to its potential but was able to introduce the technique to
film makers nowadays. D. W. Griffith further developed the technique by using
parallel editing In The Lonedale Operator (1911), to cause suspense.
Match
On
Action
Match on action is a technique which
a scene cuts
from one angle of a shot to another, keeping the continuity
of the
action in
the scene. This cut is done in the middle of an action and is used to make the
editing unnoticeable. Great editing is regularly thought to be invisible
editing and the consistent continuity accomplished by this technique by
implying that it is very effective when it comes to invisible editing.
The example you see above is from
Rocky
IV. Here
we a basic style of match on action
as the camera
stays
relatively
the same level
as the fighters, with a few zooms in or out. The matches on
action are used to keep the fight realistic looking, as well as to keep a
certain character in focus/the center of the screen.
D.W. Griffith was the inventor of match
on action as this technique was invented way back in the early 1900s and is
still used nowadays. He used technique when he was cutting between action shots
mainly all moving things e.g. hands and heads need to be in the same place at
the end of one cut and the beginning of the next shot.
180º Degree Rule
The angle between any two consecutive
shots should not exceed 180º,
in order to maintain spatial relationships between people and objects in any
given sequence of shots.
This maintains continuity by ensuring that the action in a sequence of shots
takes place in the half circle in front of camera, so that characters’
positions aren't reversed. Crossing the line creates a disorientating change in
perspective.
This
is a rule which is used frequently in TV and Film production. The reason why
its important not to go over 180º
Rule
because there is a ‘line
of vision’
between two characters, otherwise the viewer may not be able to make sense of
the scene. The same rule applies to a moving subject in order to keep one side
of the direction of motion.
Alfred Hitchcock was the inventor of the 180 degree rule as this technique was introduce in the mid 1900s and is
still used nowadays. He used technique when there is two people make a conversation in order to my the audience aware of where the conversation is taking place
Shot
reverse shot
During dialogue, the camera cuts back and
forth along the central line from one character to another, pushing action
onwards as one character is shown looking at another,
and then the other character is shown looking back. The differents
of these
two shots hints
the
viewer to thick
that the
characters are looking at each other.
The opening scene from The Godfather shows
a shot
reverse shot.
Reason In which makes this particular scene so popular
and know is
the choice of framing and lighting used in the
introduction. The scene begins in complete darkness. We hear someone
talking and
then the undertaker is shown, shrouded
by darkness. As the undertaker continues to
speak, the frame slowly zooms back to an over-the-shoulder shot that reveals
Don Corleone.
Leitmotif
A leitmotif is a repeating sound or bit of music that identifies with a character, activity, or subject. This technique has an extensive variety of use which has is used as a method for anticipating or for humorous purposes.An easy way of illustrating this example is in The Imperial March in Star Wars which shows up the Imperials are presents. This technique represents the Imperial power and is frequently played to go with the presence of Darth Vader.
Idea-associative
montage
Idea-associative montage is the
juxtaposition of two unshown images
to present an idea or thought. This
technique was often used in the silent era during the time of linear
editing to
express idea that could not be shown in a different way. This sometimes
is included
in thematically
related images which are put together to create a basic
theme or idea. Other times, two images collide to apply
a
feeling or idea. This conflict can create tension.
In Battleship Potemkin there is a medium shot
of two
object that are different. When
associated with each other, tyranny is implied. A pram is falling down the stairs and this
is juxtaposed with the soldiers on the ship that is
arriving for battle. Both objects represent power and
when compared this way, seem to have the same goal of persecution and
cleansing.
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